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- Date: Wed, 03 Nov 93 16:34:43 EST
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- From: info-serv@arrl.org (ARRL HQ AUTOMATED ELECTRONIC MAIL SERVER)
- Reply-To: info-serv@arrl.org
- To: wy1z@meceng.coe.neu.edu
- Subject: INFO response: FTP-INFO
- Status: OR
-
-
-
- UNIX HOSTS
-
- Most of the systems available on the Internet are running the unix
- operating system. While you don't have to learn unix in order to use FTP,
- you will have to deal with unix file names and directories. These are
- handled a little differently than DOS file names and directories. The
- major differences between unix and DOS files are:
-
- 1) unix file names can be much longer than DOS file names. This is
- particularly important when getting a file from the unix host. If the
- file name is longer than eight characters before the first period in
- the name (if there *is* a period), or longer than three characters
- after the period, the name will be truncated to a DOS file name.
-
- 2) unix file names are case sensitive. That is, "README" is a different
- file name from "readme" or "Readme". It's important to type the file
- name in exactly."
-
- Note that the "*" character is a wildcard in unix, just as in DOS. For
- example, the command:
-
- dir wp*
-
- will return a list of all of the files with names beginning with "wp" in
- the current directory of the remote computer.
-
- Fortunately, the basic unix directory structure is much like that of DOS.
- Directories may have subdirectories, which may have subdirectories... just
- like DOS. Of course, unix directory names follow the same rules as unix
- file names. In addition, there is one important difference between unix
- directory specifications and those of DOS: unix directories are separated
- by "/" rather than "\" characters. For example:
-
- /pub/hamradio/filename
-
- is a legal unix file specification, while:
-
- \pub\hamradio\filename
-
- is *not* legal in unix.
-
- When you get a list of files from a unix host, it looks like this:
-
- drwxr-xr-x 2 root 1 240 Dec 21 08:09 ArchieSeeThis
- -rw-r--r-- 1 98 1 371 Sep 11 1991 NOTICE
- -rw-r--r-- 1 98 ftp 496 Sep 4 1991 README
- drwxr-xr-x 2 root 1 80 Apr 30 20:08 bin
- drwxr-xr-x 2 root ftp 112 Apr 30 20:06 bin_mc
- drwxr-xr-x 2 root 1 48 Apr 30 20:14 dev
- drwxr-xr-x 2 root 1 64 Apr 30 20:07 etc
- drwxr-xr-x 2 root ftp 64 Apr 30 20:06 etc_mc
- lrwxrwxrwx 1 root 1 9 Feb 28 1991 in -> incomming
- drwxrwxrwx 3 98 ftp 576 Apr 30 20:05 incomming
- drwxr-xr-x 13 98 ftp 256 Mar 13 04:09 pub
- drwxr-xr-x 3 root 1 48 Apr 30 20:12 usr
-
- The leftmost character on the line is interpreted as follows:
-
- d = directory (the entry is a subdirectory)
- - = file (the entry is a file)
- l = link (the entry points to another entry)
-
- In the above example, the only files in the listing are "NOTICE" and
- "README". Everything else is a directory, except for "in" which points to
- "incoming". (Thus, for example, the command "cd in" would be exactly
- equivalent to "cd incoming".)
-
- The size, date/time and file name are at the right of each line.
-
- Most unix systems keep their public files in a directory called "/pub" as
- shown above.
-
- One other difference between DOS and unix (and most other systems) is in
- the way they store text files. Because of this, FTP provides a mechanism
- to specify that a text file is being transferred. But *you* have to
- specify. We haven't used this mechanism on the LAN because all of the
- machines on the LAN are DOS machines. But if you are retrieving a text
- file from a remote Internet host, it's a very good idea to issue the
- "type a" command first to make the transfer in "ASCII" (text) mode.
-
- A FEW GOOD HOSTS
-
- There are literally thousands of computers connected to the Internet. Of
- them, most have nothing of interest to the casual browser. But there are a
- few that have much to offer. Among them:
-
- simtel20.army.mil Repository of thousands of public-domain and
- shareware software files. Of most interest are
- those files in the MSDOS area. This machine uses
- an unusual operating system that does not have the
- usual directory structure. Get and read the ASCII
- files, 00-README.TXT and HOW-TO-CD.DOC first.
-
- wuarchive.wustl.edu A unix system that mirrors the archives of other
- systems. In particular, it contains most of
- what's available on simtel20. Try the directory,
- /mirrors/msdos, which has *lots* of subdirectories
- containing over 7000 files. Each directory
- contains a file called "00-index.txt" that
- describes the files contained in that directory.
-
- ftp.cs.buffalo.edu The "standard" ham-radio archive host. Look in
- the /pub/ham-radio directory for the files.
-
- world.std.com Yet another good ham radio archive site. Many
- subdirectories, including an FTP area of the
- ARRL's Automated Information Server Files -
- /pub/hamradio/arrl/Server-files.
-
- ucsd.edu Where a lot of the ham radio "techies" hang out,
- including the TCP/IP developers. See the
- /hamradio directory.
-
- The members and HQ staff would like to thank the following people for
- their contributions to this information file:
-
- KE3Z
-
- Send any additional information or changes to mtracy@arrl.org.
-
- 73 from ARRL HQ.
-
-
-